English, Old English, and Pennsylvania Dutch have their own separate pages.
Find Old Frisian, Gothic, and Old High German under Ancient Languages.
In general, the Scandinavian languages have changed enough over the past century or so that these resources will not be ideal for learning the modern versions. Until the twentieth century, literate Danish and Norwegian were more or less the same language. “Since the Reformation, Norwegians and Danes have had the same Bible and Psalter, and have studied from the same school-books…” (Otté, 1879.) “Such a common heritage of language is not to be cancelled at the will of one generation.” No, but two generations could do it. Even today, however, the prestige forms of the languages are probably no more different than colloquial British and American English, although Norwegian has trouble deciding which is its “prestige” form. See also Norwegian and Swedish below.
Danish Grammar, adapted to the use of Englishmen, to which are added, a short historical description of Copenhagen, and various extracts from Danish authors. by Fred. Schneider. Copenhagen: F. Brummer, [1803]. —A beautifully engraved script title page. The Danish text is printed in Fraktur type.
Dr. E. C. Rask’s Danish Grammar. Edited by Thorl. Gudm. Repp. Second edition. Copenhagen: J. H. Schultz, 1846.
How to Learn Danish (Dano-Norwegian). A manual for students of Danish (Dano-Norwegian) based upon the Ollendorffian system of teaching languages, and adapted for self-instruction. By E. C. Otté. London: Trübner & Co., 1879.
A Norwegian-Danish Grammar and Reader, with a vocabulary; designed for American students of the Norwegian-Danish language. By Rev. C. J. P. Peterson. Third edition. Chicago: S. C. Griggs and Company, 1885.
A New Practical and Easy Method of Learning the Danish and Norwegian Languages. By H. Lund. London: Hachette and Company, 1900.
Grammaire Flamande. Contenant de breves & parfaites regles pour bien lire, entendre, parler, & escrire cette langue, suivant le stile des grammaires, grecques & latines. Par Jean de Heister, maistre de langues. Amsterdam: Arent van den Heuvel, 1670.
The Dutch Grammar, preceded by an historical sketch of the origin and progress of the language of the Netherlands. Embracing a list of the most celebrated Netherlands writers from the thirteenth to the present century; and some specimens of the language of each century within that period, with a literal English version. To which are added, a praxis on the Dutch grammar, being specimens of Dutch prose, selected from modern and contemporary authors, with an English translation; and appendixes. By T. Marshall. Rotterdam: Printed for the author, 1842.
Elements of Dutch Grammar. Sixth edition, thoroughly revised and enlarged. by Dr. J. M. Hoogvliet. With many contributions of Moss Elisabeth Hoogvliet. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff ,1898.
A
Large Dictionary English and Dutch. To
which is added a grammar, for both languages. The
third edition. Amsterdam: Jacob ter Beek, 1735.
A
much better scan at Archive.org.
Études sur la langue des Francs a l’époque mérovingienne. Par H. d’Arbois de Jubainville. Paris: Émile Bouillon, 1900.
A Grammar of the Old Friesic Language. By Adley H. Cummins. Second edition, with reading-book, glossary, etc. London: Trübner & Co., 1887.
Phonology
and Grammar of Modern West Frisian, with
phonetic texts and glossary. By P. Sipma. Oxford,
1913.
Another
copy.
Another
copy.
A Short Historical Grammar of the German Language, translated and adapted rfom Professor Behaghel’s “Deutsche Sprache.” By Emil Techmann. London: Macmillan and Co., 1899. —For students of the history of the German language. The examples are printed in roman type.
An Old High German Primer, with grammar, notes, and glossary. By Joseph Wright. Second edition. Oxford, 1906.
A Middle High German Primer, with grammar, notes, and glossary. By Joseph Wright. Third edition .Oxford, 1917.
An Introduction to Middle High German. A reader and grammar. By Alfred Senn. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1937
The Elements of German Grammar, by the Rev. Mr. Wendeborn, Minister of the German Chapel, on Ludgate-Hill. London: C .Heydinger, 1774. —The German examples are printed in roman type.
Elements of German Grammar. Intended for beginners. By George Henry Noehden. Fourth edition. Frankfort: George Frederick Krug, 1830.
A Short German Grammar for high schools and colleges. by E .S. Sheldon. Boston: D. C. Heath & Company, 1889. —Only about a hundred pages.
A Short Comparative Grammar of English and German: As traced back to their common origin and contrasted with the classical languages. By Victor Henry. Translated by the author. London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co., 1894.
A Comparative English-German Grammar based on the affinity of the two languages. By Elias Peissner. Schenectady: G. Y. Van de Bogert, 1853.
A First German Course, containing grammar, delectus, and exercise-book, with vocabularies, and materials for German conversation. On the plan of Dr. William Smith’s “Principia Latina.” New York: Harper & Brothers, 1856. —The German is printed in roman type. “Differing from the ordinary grammars, all German words are printed in Roman, and not in the old German characters. The latter add to the difficulty of a learner, and as the Roman letters are not only used by many modern German writers, but also in Grimm’s great Dictionary and Grammar, there seems no reason why the beginning, especially the native of a foreign country, who has learnt his own language in Roman letters, should be any longer debarred from the advantage of this innovation.… When the learner has become familiar with the German words in the Roman letters, he will ,after a little practice, find no difficulty in reading the German characters.”
Henn-Ahn’s German Grammar. A practical, easy, and thorough method of learning the German language. In accordance with the modern German orthography .New York: E. Steiger & Co., 1888.
High School German Grammar and Exercises. By W. H. Van der Smissen and W. H. Fraser. Toronto: The Copp Clark Company, 1910.
A New and Complete Dictionary of the English and German Languages, with two sketches of grammar, English and German. By J. H. Kaltschmidt. Leipsic: Charles Tauchnitz, 1837.
Muret-Sanders Encyclopædic English-German and German-English Dictionary. Unabridged edition. Commenced by Professor Dr. Daniel Sanders; continued by Prof. Dr. Imm. Schmidt; finished by Dr. Cornelis Stoffel. Berlin-Schönberg: Langenscheidtsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1891-1910.
Part First: English-German.
First Half. A–K.
Second Half. L–Z.
Part Second: German-English.
First Half. A–J.
Second Half. K–Z.
Gothic was the special preserve of the slightly eccentric Gerhard H. Balg of Milwaukee, a specialist in Germanic languages and reformer of English spelling whose self-published books on the subject were picked up by major publishers abroad.
An Introduction, Phonological, Morphological, Syntactic, to the Gothic of Ulfilas. By T. Le Marchant Douse. London: Taylor and Francis, 1886.
A Gothic Grammar, with selections for reading and a glossary. By Wilhelm Braune. Translated (from the fourth German edition) and edited by Gerhard H. Balg. Milwaukee: The Author (and in New York and London by actual publishers), 1895. —Of interest also as an example of attempted English spelling reform; the translator has resolved to eliminate the silent E from the language where it does not lengthen a previous vowel (as in comparativ, possibl, hav, giv, lernd) Interestingly, the second edition, published in New York by Westermann & Co. in 1883, does not use reformed spelling. Perhaps the spelling reform is the reason for Balg’s taking over the publication himself.
A Comparative Glossary of the Gothic Language, with especial reference to English and German. By G. A. Balg. Mayville, Wisconsin: The Author, 1887-1889.
A Primer of the Gothic Language, containing the Gospel of St. Mark, selections from the other Gospels, and the Second Epistle to Timothy. With grammar, notes, and glossary. By Joseph Wright. Second edition. Oxford, 1899.
The
First Germanic Bible, translated from the
Greek by the Gothic Bishop Wulfila in the fourth
century, and the other remains of the Gothic language.
Edited, with an introduction, a syntax, and a
glossary, by G. H. Balg. Milwaukee: The Author, 1891.
—The introductory material uses Balg’s reformed
spelling, which is conservative enough that the
reforms often creep up on one unawares: “The
increasing zeal for a scientific study of English and
the other Germanic languages in American universities
and colleges has naturally necessitated a thuro study
of Gothic.”
Another
copy.
Die Gotische Bibel. Herausgeben von Wilhelm Streitberg. Heiderlberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1908 and 1910. —The first and second parts bound in one volume. Greek and Gothic texts on facing pages. The omniscient Wikipedia says that this is the standard edition.
A
Grammar of the Icelandic or Old Norse Tongue,
translated from the Swedish of Erasmus Rask by George
Webbe Dasent, London: Williams & Norgate, 1843.
The
same. London: William Pickering; Frankfort:
Jaeger’s Library, 1843. —This appears to be identical
to the edition above, except for the publishers listed
on the title page.
A Short Practical and Easy Method of Learning the Old Norsk Tongue or Icelandic Language, after the Danish of E. Rask. With an Icelandic reader, an account of the Norsk poetry and the sagas, and a modern Icelandic vocabulary for travellers. By H. Lund. Second corrected edition. London: Franz Thimm, 1869.
An Elementary Grammar of the Old Norse or Icelandic Language. By the Rev. George Balydon. London: Williams and Norgate, 1879.
A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic. By Geir T. Zoëga. Oxford, 1910 (reprinted 1967).
It is notable that most of the books treating Norwegian as a separate language from Danish are published in the United States.
Norwegian Self-Taught. By C. A. Thimm. Revised and enlarged by P. Th. Hanssen. Fifth edition. Philadelphia: David McKay, 1912.
Beginners’ Book in Norse. By J. A. Holvik. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1915.
A First Reader in Norwegian, with notes on grammar, pronunciation and orthography. By O. M. Petersen. Chicago: John Anderson & Co., 1885. —Meant as a method of learning the language by reading simple texts. About half the Norwegian texts are printed in Fraktur type.
An Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language. By John Jamieson, D.D. Edinburgh, 1808. —In effect a Scottish-English dictionary, the definitions being given in standard English.
A Short Introduction to Swedish Grammar, adapted to the use of Englishmen. By Gustavus Brunnmark. Second edition. Stockholm: Charles Deleen, 1826.
Swedish
Grammar and Reader. By J. S. Carson.
Minneapolis: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1907.
Another
copy, missing title page, but otherwise a better
scan.
A Brief Swedish Grammar. By Edw. J. Vickner. Rock Island, Ill.: Augustana Book Concern, 1914.
Modern Swedish Grammar. By Im. Björkhagen. Stockholm: P. A. Norstedt & Söners, 1923.